Male breast cancer is a cancer that occurs in the breast tissue of men. Breast cancer is often viewed as a woman’s disease. However, male breast cancer does occur to a significant extent. It is important to know the symptoms of male breast cancer. The disease is more pronounced in elderly men. However, it can occur at any age.
Men diagnosed with Male Breast Cancer are at a good chance for cure if it is detected at an early stage. The symptoms of male breast cancer must not be ignored. A breast lump is the most common symptom. Most cases are diagnosed when the disease has reached an advanced state.
The skin covering the breast undergoes dimpling, puckering, redness, or scaling.
Nipple may turn inward. Redness and scaling is also possible.
Discharge from the nipple
Consult a doctor if signs and symptoms persist.
The causes of male breast cancer are not very clear. Breast cells that grow abnormally are an indicator for male breast cancer. These cells tend to divide more quickly than healthy cells. The cells that accumulate form a tumor that may spread to a nearby tissue, lymph nodes, or other body parts.
All individuals are born with a certain amount of breast tissue. The tissue is comprised of lobules, which are milk-producing glands. The lobules are ducts that transport milk to the nipples. Women develop much more breast tissue during puberty in comparison with men. Men can develop breast cancer due to a small presence of breast tissue.
The following are the types of breast cancer in men:
1. Cancer of the milk ducts: Ductal carcinoma is the most common form of male breast cancer. Almost all male breast cancers originate in the breast ducts.
2. Cancer of the milk-producing glands: Lobular carcinoma is not a common characteristic in men as they have few lobules in the breast tissue.
3. Cancer that spreads to the nipple: In some instances, breast cancer can originate in the ducts but spread to the nipples. This can cause scaly skin around the nipple. This is also known as Paget’s disease.
Genes that increase the risk of breast cancer
In some cases, men inherit genetic mutations from their parents, which increase the risk of breast cancer. A mutation in a specific gene known as BRCA2 can increase the risk of breast and prostrate cancer. Generally, this gene helps in prevention of cancer by the production of proteins that prevent cells from growing abnormally. However, once they undergo mutation their roles change.
The causes of male breast cancer are not very clear. Breast cells that grow abnormally are an indicator for male breast cancer.
Alvis Walter is a cancer consultant and a guide for Male Breast Cancer . To know more information about malignant mesothelioma, Gamma Knife, symptoms of male breast cancer, mesothelioma symptoms, Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Mantle Cell Lymphoma visit www.cancery.com
The one cancer that women fear most is breast cancer, but fortunately the latest research reveals there are several ways to help protect yourself. I’m not talking about self-exams and mammograms but ways to actually lower your risk of getting breast cancer. Here are six habits that experts say can help keep breasts healthy.
1. Be sure you are getting enough good fats. Plant-based fats such as olive oil, flaxseed oil, and fats from nuts, seeds, avocadoes and coconuts are powerful cancer fighters that help your body absorb nutrients from fruits and vegetables. Women who have a diet high in trans fat, found in processed foods, are proven to face double the risk of breast cancer. Trans fats block enzymes that are needed to break down cancer-causing carcinogens plus they weaken the immune system.
2. Cut back on the cocktails. Women who have just two servings of alcohol daily are 30% more likely to develop breast cancer than those who abstain. Alcohol boosts the production of estrogen and can actually cause breast cancer.
3. Eat lots of greens. Enjoy all you want of spinach, lettuce, kale, broccoli, and green peppers. They are rich in antioxidants that attach to receptor sites on breast tissue to stop carcinogens from grabbing hold.
4. Take the stairs. Research has shown that getting just one hour a week of vigorous exercise can slash your risk of breast cancer by as much as 20%. If you can’t fit in a whole hour at one time, break it up into ten minute workouts.
5. Take supplements. Calcium and vitamin D work together to prevent abnormal cell changes in breasts. Taking just 1,200 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D daily can reduce your risk by up to 33%.
6. Eat walnuts. Just two ounces daily can cut your breast cancer risk in half. Walnuts slow the growth of abnormal cells. They also contain antioxidants, phytosterols and a fat called alpha-linolenic acid, all of which help block the development of tumors.
Early detection against breast cancer is vital especially for women. This disease kills millions of people each year. Cancer is a very scary word and no one wants to hear it mentioned especially if it applies to them. The best chance of successful treatment and recovery is through early detection. Every woman should have a mammogram every year. My sister had a big scare one year but thankfully they got it just in time. She was one of those who never got herself checked out. Now she does every year, this taught her a very big lesson. Even if no one in your family has ever had breast cancer. Do not take the risk, it’s not worth it. After you have taken all the tests and still are not satisfied get another opinion. Lots of women have died because they trusted the tests, and nothing is 100% accurate.
Testing for lumps yourself is not enough. You must do more for yourself because you are worth it.
Here are a few ways to test for breast cancer:
This is the first test all doctors want you to have done every year. Younger women have thicker breast and this test can see better images through the thick skin. Digital Mammography, this diagnoses more cancers in women under 50 with dense breasts.
Your doctor will want you to have this test done if he notices any strange lumps at all. MRI of the Breast, this does not involve exposure to radiation and can detect cancer sometimes missed by mammography. MRI can provide guidance for a biopsy if needed. This is a wonderful test to have done.
This test has saved a lot of lives. It can actually find cancer in the early stages by the cells being taken out to see how bad the cancer has gotten. These cells tell if its cancer or not and if it can be treated. MRI-Guided Breast Biopsy, helps guide needles to certain sites in the breast when needed to be checked out further. It removes cells to be put under microscopes for further information the doctor needs to know how to treat you.
There are no specific explanations as to what causes women to have breast cancer. It usually occurs after they reached their 20s although some cases prove otherwise. The only treatment doctors recommend to prevent it is mammogram which will determine whether or not they have breast cancer. Breast cancer can be caused by few factors such as premature mentrual, late menopause, excessive smoking, drugs or alochol, family history or estrogen therapy.
According to papers, news and internet, breast cancer is a disease that specially targets women irregardless of their age. It is also regarded as the world’s second lethal killer after cancer. For every 10 women, 5 to 6 of them will have a high chance of breast cancer.
Breast cancer usually occurs after women reached their 20s although in some cases, there are teenagers or even children getting it. It is when part of the breast cells become mutated and start infecting the rest of the body. Every year, there are millions of women around the world suffering from breast cancer given their frequent medical checkup statistics provided by hospitals.
The most common procedure recommended by doctors is mammogram. Mammogram is a treatment meant to examine their breasts for any symptoms of cancer. Symptons such as mutation of cells within their breasts. An early detection will certainly help women to have their breast cancer cured faster. If not, doctors will recommend various ways for them to avoid breast cancer.
So what causes women to have breast cancer?
There are several possibilities pertaining to this. Such as:
1. Women beginning their mentrual cycle too soon. The average age is 12. Yet some begin much earlier. Therefore their risk of getting breast cancer is much higher before they reach 30s.
2. Women beginning their menopause cycle too late. The average age is 50 and earlier. But for those starting beyond 50, their bodies will start to have adverse reaction since their hormones change too late.
3. Women eating foods with saturated fats and lacking nutrition. Lack of proper diet can also be a determining factor in them suffering from breast cancer. Without sufficient calcium and vitamins, their body loses the necessary resistance to sickness and becomes more prone to breakdown.
4. Women smoking or taking drugs excessively. However awkward it may sound, they will be inviting all the unknown germs to attack and infect their body cells simply through frequent use of cigarettes, drugs or medicine which they think they know a lot but really know nothing about.
5. Women drinking beer, cocktails, wine and other alcohol-related drinks excessively. This can have the most direct impact other than smoking or being addicted to drugs although there is no direct proof yet. Especially those who are say in nightclubs or entertainment circle since they have to entertain clients from time to time. Depending on their body conditions, not all of them have great tolerance in drinking.
6. Women with family history of breast cancer. If their sisters, mothers or grandmothers have breast cancer, there is a high possibility of them getting it too.
7. Women undergoing estrogen replacement therapy for various reasons. If they have been doing this for 10 years and more, the chances of them getting breast cancer are very high.
Whichever the possibility, breast cancer should not be taken lightly. An early checkup, consultation and detection from doctors will certainly help to manage or better still, avoid breast cancer. Failure to do so will result in development and infection of cancer to the rest of the body cells and by the time the woman fall sick and sees doctor, it could be late. As to how to avoid and manage breast cancer, I will be covering more on that in my next article.
But for now, I am just highlighting the 7 possible causes and how best to prevent them.
To get more information on this, grab your free copy of my Breast Cancer Awareness guide here.
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The term breast cancer refers to a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast. The breast is composed of two main types of tissues: glandular tissues and stromal (supporting) tissues. Glandular tissues house the milk-producing glands (lobules) and the ducts (the milk passages) while stromal tissues include fatty and fibrous connective tissues of the breast. The breast is also made up of lymphatic tissue-immune system tissue that removes cellular fluids and waste. There are several types of tumors that may develop within different areas of the breast. Most tumors are the result of benign (non-cancerous) changes within the breast. For example, fibrocystic change is a non-cancerous condition in which women develop cysts (accumulated packets of fluid), fibrosis (formation of scar-like connective tissue), lumpiness, areas of thickening, tenderness, or breast pain.
A risk factor is anything that makes it more likely you’ll get a particular disease. Some risk factors, such as your age, sex and family history, can’t be changed, whereas others, including weight, smoking and a poor diet, are under your control.
# Excess weight: The relationship between excess weight and breast cancer is complex. In general, weighing more than is healthy increases your risk, particularly if you gained the weight as an adolescent. But risk is even greater if you put the weight on after menopause. Your risk also is greater if you have more body fat in the upper part of your body
. # Early onset of menstrual cycles: If you got your period at a young age, especially before age 12, you may have a greater likelihood of developing breast cancer. Experts attribute this risk to the early exposure of the breast tissue to estrogen.
# Late menopause: If you enter menopause after age 55, you’re more likely to develop breast cancer. Experts attribute this to the prolonged exposure of the breast tissue to estrogen.
# First pregnancy at older age: If your first full-term pregnancy occurs after age 30, or you never become pregnant, you have a greater chance of developing breast cancer. Although it’s not entirely clear why, an early first pregnancy may protect breast tissue from developing genetic mutations that result from estrogen exposure.
# Race: White women are more likely to develop breast cancer than black.
1. A lump or thickening in the breast or armpit.
2. A change in the size or shape of the breast.
3. Discharge from the nipple.
4. A change in the color or texture of the skin of the breast or areola (such as dimpling, puckering, or scaliness).
Mammography
ScreeningMammography :- A mammogram is a low-dose X-ray of the breast. This is the best test we have to screen women for breast cancer. A Screening Mammogram consists of two “pictures” of each breast. If an area on the mammogram looks suspicious or is not clear, additional mammograms with different views may be needed. Annual screening mammography is recommended for all women over 40 years old.
Diagnostic Mammography :- This is a mammogram used for problem-solving, rather than for screening. For instance, if a patient has a lump in her breast, a directed investigation of that area is performed. This is also done when a particular finding in the breast is being followed over time. A diagnostic mammogram is tailored to the patient’s case and is carefully monitored by a radiologist, who interprets the images and determines whether there is any need for further tests….
Mastectomy in India
Mastectomy is the surgical removal of a breast. Surgery is presently the most common treatment for breast cancer. Following mastectomy, immediate or delayed breast reconstruction is possible in many instances Types of Mastectomy
*Simple or total mastectomy:
*Modified radical mastectomy:
*Radical mastectomy
Axillary Node Dissection in India
Axillary node dissection,
the surgical removal of the axillary (armpit) lymph nodes, is usually performed on patients with invasive cancers. A radical mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, or lumpectomy operation often includes axillary node dissection (this involves a separate incision for lumpectomy patients).
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in India
Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a new procedure that involves removing only one to three sentinel lymph nodes (the first nodes in the lymphatic chain). To perform sentinel node biopsy, a radioactive tracer and/or blue dye is injected into a region of a tumor.
Lumpectomy in India
Lumpectomy is the surgical removal of a cancerous lump (or tumor) in the breast, along with a small margin of the surrounding normal breast tissue. Lumpectomy may also be called wide excision biopsy, breast conserving therapy or quadrantectomy (this latter term is used when up to one fourth of the breast is removed).
Chemotherapy in India
This section is intended to provide general information on chemotherapy for breast cancer patients and to discuss a variety of possible side effects of chemotherapy drugs. Because chemotherapy regimens are individually tailored, the types of drugs administered and their side effects will vary considerably.
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The signs, symptoms and metastasis of breast cancer
Researchers have found that high fat and cholesterol found in a typical U.S. diet plays a big role in the growth and spread of breast cancer. Thus, what we choose to eat significantly influences our risk of breast cancer, which hasn’t often been equated with food choices in the past.
Published in the “American Journal of Pathology,” a new study used mice to see if fat and cholesterol were involved in breast cancer development. The results show that mice fed a Western diet and predisposed to develop breast tumors can develop larger tumors that grow faster and spread more easily than animals on a control diet.
While such results will need to be verified in human studies, it is another major reason to watch your cholesterol levels. And to believe that diet is linked to cancer.
Breast cancer is five times more common in Western countries than in other developed countries. Plus, there is an increase in breast cancer rates among immigrants who come to the U.S. from other countries with low incidence. The suggestion here is clear.
In the study, they used a mouse model that is believed to closely mimic the same way human breast cancer develops. The mice were put on a diet with 21.2% fat and 0.2% cholesterol, which reflects a typical Western diet. Another control group of mice had normal food with 4.5% fat and little cholesterol.
They found that tumors began to develop quickly in mice in the high-fat group. The number of tumors nearly doubled, and they were 50% larger than those in mice on a normal diet. What this means is that a Western diet seems to accelerate the onset ofbreast cancer, helps the cancer multiply and spread, and makes its overall burden far worse. There was also a trend towards an increased number of lung tumors in mice fed the fatty diet.
To confirm that the cancer was more aggressive amid a high-cholesterol diet, the study found certain evidence that showed a more advanced cancer stage in the mice. What is happening is that the cholesterol is acting as the foundation to help tumors grow. Cholesterol comes from the blood, and it mainly enters your body through saturated fat.
For this and many other reasons, it’s important to get your cholesterol levels checked. And if you are at a heightened risk of breast cancer, pay particular attention to your diet. We would all do well to protect against cancer in whatever ways we can.
Survival Rates Of Breast Cancer At Different Stages
Where the disease has not metastasized, the five-year survival rate for women suffering from breast cancer is about 86%. That percentage means that 86% of women who develop breast cancer live for at least five years after diagnosis. The good news is that depending on the stage it is discovered, the survival rate can be even higher than the overall average.
As with most cancers, breast cancer, develops in stages. A standard classification of letters and numbers is used to describe the stages – T, N and M and 0-IV. The alphabet T denotes the size of the tumor while alphabet N denotes that it has spread to the lymph nodes and the alphabet M means distant metastasis. When a primary tumor spreads to another area/s and forms more tumors, it has metastasized.
When a tumor cannot be assessed, it is designated the classification of TX. Where there is no indication of cancer, T0 is used. If one of the following forms is suspected – DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ), LCIS (lobular carcinoma in situ) or Paget’s disease (where the nipple and/or areola is cancerous) – Tis is used.
Stage 0 indicates that the cancer is in its earliest stage. Stage I indicates that tumors have not spread and are less than 2cm in size. A tumor that is 2-5cm in diameter is classified as Stage II, and a tumor larger than 5cm is considered Stage III. When a tumor has attached to the chest wall and spread to the lymph nodes it is considered to be Stage IV.
Today, due to medical advances, many breast cancers are diagnosed and treated during the early stages.
When treatment is given to patients who are at Stage 0 or 1, the survival rates are almost 100%. And yes, men can develop breast cancer, though at a far lower rate of 1/133 when compared to women. For those with cancer in Stage II, the survival rate is at 81% to 92%. At Stage III the rate lowers to 67%, and then drops substantially to 20% at Stage IV.
Although it is a very serious illness, breast cancer is seldom life threatening. Women who have advanced stages of cancer have been known to live for more than seven years. As technology and medicine advance, survival rates increase. Even later stage cancer survival rates are rising as medical and treatment methods improve.
A fairly new method of diagnosing cancer is the QM-MSP (quantitative multiplex methylation-specific PCR) method. It was invented in 2001 and it involves tests done on fluids taken from the breast area. The chemical analysis undertaken during this test allows cancer to be detected with 86% reliability, and cancer clumps with as little as 50 cells can found. Treatment given in the early stages is highly effective, and new methods like this allow cancer to be diagnosed at the earliest possible stage.
Treatments are also improving, with hormone therapy, targeted radiation and molecule specific drugs now readily available.
Breast cancer is no longer the death sentence it used to be. Although the disease is still a matter of serious concern, the chances of survival are high and treatments are now less invasive.
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